In the response phase the most important step is to assess disaster after occurrence. By disaster ASSESSMENT, we can obtain all the needed information for controlling, decision-making and also disaster planning. Lack of disaster ASSESSMENT causes you to make unsuitable decisions based on limited or inadequate data which leads to imperfect disaster response. According to IFRC, disaster response operation will have an unsuitable function without disaster ASSESSMENT. This paper presents the principles and concepts of disaster ASSESSMENT.

Introduction: PORTFOLIO is one of the active learning strategies for clinical education. By making PORTFOLIO, students present their own projects including clinical learning activities at or near the end of a clinical course. The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of this tool in nursing education in order to know the advantage and limitation of the tool. Methods: This study reviews the literature published in Farsi and English with the possibility of accessing the full text of the article over the past five years related to the use of PORTFOLIO in nursing education. A literature review was done by searching the keywords PORTFOLIO and nursing in the databases including; Web of Science, and ProQuest and scientific search engine such as Google Scholar. After removing repetitive and non-related items, 17 articles were selected accordingly. Result: The review of literature suggests that the PORTFOLIO is used in different schools and courses of nursing students with different goals such as ASSESSMENT, evaluation, training; and performance improvement. Using PORTFOLIOs has some advantages and limitations that need to be determinate for designing and implementing PORTFOLIOs. Some benefits of PORTFOLIOs were development of skills, fostering active learning, improvement of clinical competencies, and satisfaction of students from ASSESSMENT and academic achievement. Its limitations include the lack of clarity and time constraints for completing it. Conclusion: The PORTFOLIO facilitates the monitoring of nurses' professional development and facilitates knowledge management. Therefore, designing and using this tool is recommended to improve the clinical competence of nursing students in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate studies in Iran. However, the scope and purpose of using the PORTFOLIO should be specified and potential users should be well aware of the issue and its importance, and to learn the skills necessary to use it.

Much criticism of the traditional methods of ASSESSMENT has been presented in the literature along with convincing arguments in favor of a need for alternative methods of ASSESSMENT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a new form of ASSESSMENT called PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT on promotion of the writing ability of Iranian EFL high school students. Two groups of high school students served as the subjects of the study. One group served as the experimental group and the other group as the control group. They attended writing classes two days a week, one hour a day. The experimental group received the special treatment which was the use of PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT during a ten-week period, while no treatment was given to the control group. The control group was managed by the ordinary method of teaching and evaluation. At the end of the experiment, a test of writing composition was administered to both groups. The experimental group performed significantly better than the control group. The results of the study showed that PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT had a positive effect on improving the writing ability of the experimental group.

The project PORTFOLIO is to transfer the strategic needs of the organization to projects and operational activities. If PORTFOLIO risk occurs, it can affect the PORTFOLIO success metrics and overshadow the achievement of the organization's strategic goals. Despite the important role of PORTFOLIO risk management in the success of an organization, no proper analysis of project PORTFOLIO risks has been provided yet. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of PORTFOLIO risks and, selection of the best PORTFOLIO risk management strategy using multi-criteria decision-making methods. Due to the ignorance of PORTFOLIO level risks, the first step of this research is to identify and select important PORTFOLIO risks of projects based on previous studies in this field. The importance of risks in different PORTFOLIO management strategies was then assessed using a questionnaire from a group of elites. In this study, the CRITIC method, which is a multi-criteria decision-making method has been used to determine the weight of each risk, during which the importance of each risk is calculated without direct questions from experts, and only using the scores given to each risk in different strategies. After that, different PORTFOLIO risk management strategies will be identified and, the best risk management response will be calculated and selected.

The present study set out to address the issue as to whether the implementation of PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT would give rise to Iranian pre-intermediate EFL learners’ autonomy. Participants comprised 60 pre-intermediate female learners within the age range of 16 to 28 studying English in a private language institute, a Cambridge Open Centre (IR056). They were randomly divided into two groups each consisting of 30 participants. An independent sample t-test confirmed their homogeneity in terms of language proficiency at the outset of the study. Moreover, they were homogenized in terms of autonomy through employing a validated questionnaire. The PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT was integrated into the experimental group while traditional ASSESSMENT was assigned to the control group. The study adopted a mixed-method approach for the purposes of data collection and analysis. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, a semi-structured interview, and participants’ PORTFOLIOs. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent samples t-test. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively through content analysis. The recurring themes emerging from the interview and participants’ PORTFOLIOs were compared with the findings of the questionnaire. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data analyses revealed that PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT significantly enhanced learner autonomy in the experimental group, and offered them an opportunity to reflect upon their learning process, growth, and progress overtime. Drawing upon the findings, some pedagogical implications are presented and finally, some avenues for future research are highlighted.

PORTFOLIO or Stock Investment is one of the most important investment methods especially in foreign market. In regulation of Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, stock investment is classified in 5 different sections including “Stocks of Corporation”, “Bonds”, “Fellow of Banking Capital”, “Trading Securities”, and “Governmental Treasury Bills”. Gathering the data by means of a questionnaire distributed among the target population including managers and experts of the Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran, we investigate on stock investment methods in foreign market in hierarchical model based on Topsis algouritm. Due to the answers gathered from the questionnaire, we identified 8 factors effective on PORTFOLIO investment to be used in topsis algorithm. These effective factors was entered to a decision making matrix, using in ranking PORTFOLIO investment styles based on ideal solutions technique. Results showed that the corporation stocks is the first and the top priority for international PORTFOLIO investors.